CAPTCHA (kapcha, kaptcha) and reCaptcha
CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart - automated Turing test to distinguish between robots and humans). The term appeared in 2000.

CAPTCHA - is a trademark of Carnegie Mellon University, a computer test that is used to determine the user's system. The bottom line test - to offer the user the task, which is easy to solve people, but that can not (or very hard) to teach the computer to solve. Basically this problem on the recognition of images. I must say that the standard character sets used in the CAPTCHA, has successfully broken systems, optical character recognition.
The next step in the protection of bots has become the newest system, called ReCaptca. It has not only successfully fighting spam, but also provides a good case of digitizing books. The point is that in ReCaptca used text that optical character recognition system (Optical character recognition, OCR) were not able to bite. Creators ReCaptca Manuel Blum, Ben Maurer and Mike Crawford, engaged in digitizing printed publications to the Internet Archive, under the auspices of the non-profit organization Open Content Alliance. Brewster Kale, director of the Internet Archive, believes a good idea to use the Internet to correct errors OCR.
When poderzhke Intel Corp., The team Luis von Ahn has developed a free Web service that allows webmasters to individually install reCAPTCHA to protect their sites. Individuals can also use the service to protect their own email addresses. In the case of some commercial Web sites with heavy traffic, reCAPTCHA may charge a fee for extra bandwidth.
To verify that the user is not a robot, the system prompts you to enter 2 words, one of whom she already knows, while the second is unknown. Thus 2 solved the problem: the introduction of the famous words of the user proves that he is a man, a second rasshifrovkoy help correct the errors of machine recognition. If multiple users to enter the same decoding, this option is recognized correct.
Also available the audio version of Access, which is actually quite difficult to take because of the specially induced interference and fuzzy pronunciation figures.
Details on reCAPTCHA on the official site.
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